{"id":3531,"date":"2023-12-18T10:45:28","date_gmt":"2023-12-18T09:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/?p=3531"},"modified":"2024-02-13T13:47:18","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T12:47:18","slug":"manual_prvej_pomoci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/manual_prvej_pomoci\/","title":{"rendered":"Manu\u00e1l prvej pomoci \u2013 nedajte si pokazi\u0165 sviatky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Viano\u010dn\u00e9 sviatky, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pr\u00e1zdniny, n\u00e1m klop\u00fa na dvere a my sme si pre v\u00e1s pripravili Manu\u00e1l prvej pomoci. Viete, \u010do robi\u0165 pri naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch zdravotn\u00fdch komplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch \u010di \u00farazoch? U\u0161etr\u00edte si tak zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 starosti, \u010di n\u00e1v\u0161tevu lek\u00e1ra.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rybia kos\u0165 v\u00a0krku <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ak sa v\u00e1m zapichne kos\u0165 v\u00a0krku, pom\u00f4\u017ee tuh\u0161ia strava \u2013 najm\u00e4 such\u00fd chlieb alebo varen\u00fd zemiak, ktor\u00fd ju obal\u00ed a\u00a0kos\u0165 sa odplav\u00ed do \u017eal\u00fadka. Tam si s\u00a0\u0148ou poradia \u017eal\u00fado\u010dn\u00e9 kyseliny. Hor\u0161ie je, ke\u010f nejak\u00fd predmet uviazne v\u00a0d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest\u00e1ch a\u00a0sp\u00f4sob\u00ed ich nepriechodnos\u0165 \u2013 \u010dlovek sa za\u010dne dusi\u0165. Vtedy je potrebn\u00e9 vykona\u0165 Gordonov man\u00e9ver (p\u00e4\u0165 \u00faderov medzi lopatky) alebo Heimlichov hmat (oboma rukami uchop\u00edme \u010dloveka zozadu, rukami zovret\u00fdmi do\u00a0p\u00e4st\u00ed silno p\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t zatla\u010d\u00edme na mieste medzi rebrami a pupkom\u00a0smerom nahor). Pri tomto \u00fakone vyu\u017eijeme zostatkov\u00fd objem vzduchu v\u00a0p\u013e\u00facach na to, aby sme predmet upch\u00e1vaj\u00faci d\u00fdchacie cesty dostali von. S\u00fa\u010dasne privolajte z\u00e1chrann\u00fa slu\u017ebu a\u00a0ria\u010fte sa ich pokynmi. Ak by \u010dlovek prestal javi\u0165 zn\u00e1mky \u017eivota, je potrebn\u00e9\u00a0za\u010da\u0165 s\u00a0o\u017eivovan\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Podr\u00e1\u017eden\u00fd \u017eal\u00fadok <\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00a0viano\u010dn\u00e9mu stolu patr\u00ed aj hojnos\u0165 jedla, \u010di jeho neobvykl\u00e9 kombin\u00e1cie. Ak to pre\u017eeniete, v\u00fdsledkom je pocit plnosti brucha, nevo\u013enos\u0165, boles\u0165 \u017eal\u00fadka, nap\u00ednanie na zvracanie alebo zvracanie. Vtedy je potrebn\u00e9 okam\u017eite nasadi\u0165 di\u00e9tu, ide\u00e1lne nesladen\u00fd \u010dierny \u010daj a\u00a0star\u0161ie pe\u010divo. V\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch d\u0148och vynechajte dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00e9, vypr\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9 jedl\u00e1. Vyh\u00fdbajte sa aj orechom, surovej zelenine,\u00a0ovociu a alkoholu.<\/p>\n

Otrava alkoholom <\/strong><\/p>\n

Otrave alkoholom najlep\u0161ie pred\u00eddete prevenciou. Teda nepi\u0165, alebo pi\u0165 s\u00a0mierou. Treba pam\u00e4ta\u0165 na to, \u017ee \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1, jednorazov\u00e1 intoxik\u00e1cia alkoholom m\u00f4\u017ee skon\u010di\u0165 a\u017e smr\u0165ou. Ak postihnut\u00fd jav\u00ed \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky opitosti, je spav\u00fd a\u00a0neudr\u017e\u00ed koncentr\u00e1ciu, ulo\u017ete ho na bok, aby sa nezadusil zvratkami. Ak sa nepreber\u00e1 a\u00a0m\u00e1 probl\u00e9my s\u00a0d\u00fdchan\u00edm, privolajte odborn\u00fa zdravotn\u00edcku pomoc. Z\u00a0\u013eah\u0161ej formy otravy alkoholom v\u00e1s dostane sp\u00e1nok, dostatok tekut\u00edn, striedav\u00e9 sprchovanie studenou a\u00a0vla\u017enou vodou, ako aj pohyb na \u010derstvom vzduchu.<\/p>\n

Pop\u00e1leniny<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pri po\u017eiari je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 dosta\u0165 zranen\u00e9ho do bezpe\u010dia. Ak horia \u0161aty postihnut\u00e9ho, ulo\u017ete ho na zem a\u00a0ohe\u0148 uhaste nehor\u013eav\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom. Pozor, odev, ktor\u00fd je prilepen\u00fd na poko\u017eke nikdy neodstra\u0148ujte. Pop\u00e1len\u00e9 miesto podr\u017ete pod te\u010d\u00facou studenou vodou aspo\u0148 10 a\u017e 20 min\u00fat. Prilo\u017ete steriln\u00fd obv\u00e4z a\u00a0prikryte \u010distou tkaninou. Na pop\u00e1leniny ned\u00e1vajte \u017eiadne kr\u00e9my, maslo, vaj\u00ed\u010dka ani hor\u010dicu …<\/p>\n

Omrzliny<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sta\u010d\u00ed podceni\u0165 po\u010dasie pri zimn\u00fdch \u0161portoch a\u00a0zabudn\u00fa\u0165 na rukavice a\u00a0omrzliny s\u00fa na svete. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa objavia na nechr\u00e1nen\u00fdch \u010dastiach tela ako prsty, nos \u010di tv\u00e1r. Postihnut\u00e9 miesto spozn\u00e1te pod\u013ea toho, \u017ee je bled\u0161ie a\u017e voskov\u00e9, je necitliv\u00e9 a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r sa m\u00f4\u017ee objavi\u0165 bodav\u00e1 boles\u0165. Prvou pomocou je postupn\u00e9 zahrievanie, v\u00a0\u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade nesmiete trie\u0165 postihnut\u00e9 miesto snehom, ani nezahrievajte dychom, hroz\u00ed zhor\u0161enie omrzl\u00edn. Nefaj\u010dite, preto\u017ee a\u00a0t\u00fdm zu\u017euj\u00fa cievy a\u00a0zhor\u0161uje sa cirkul\u00e1cia krvi. Pacienta zohrievajte vlastn\u00fdmi rukami, ak m\u00e1 napr\u00edklad omrznut\u00e9 prsty na ruke, s\u00e1m si ju m\u00f4\u017ee da\u0165 pod pazuchu. Pom\u00e1ha teplo aj vla\u017en\u00e9 obklady. Pr\u00eds\u0165 zo svahu a\u00a0sko\u010di\u0165 pod hor\u00facu sprchu nie je dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad. Ak sa objavia p\u013euzgiere, vyh\u013eadajte lek\u00e1ra. Na podchladenie je \u010dlovek n\u00e1chyln\u00fd aj vtedy, ke\u010f je hladn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Podchladenie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rozli\u0161ujeme dva druhy. Pri r\u00fdchlom \u2013 preborenie sa pod \u013ead \u010di p\u00e1d do studenej vody, hroz\u00ed smr\u0165. Vtedy okam\u017eite volajte ties\u0148ov\u00fa linku 112 alebo 155. \u010cloveka po vytiahnut\u00ed na breh r\u00fdchlo zbavte mokr\u00fdch \u0161iat, prezle\u010dte do such\u00e9ho, pod\u00e1vajte tepl\u00e9 tekutiny a zohrievajte. Pri postupnom podchladen\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 trv\u00e1 hodiny, zohrievajte v\u00a0pomal\u0161om tempe, aby organizmus neutrpel \u0161ok. Pom\u00f4\u017ee tepl\u00fd n\u00e1poj, \u010dokol\u00e1da a\u00a0ak to vy\u017eaduje zdravotn\u00fd stav, prevoz do nemocnice.<\/p>\n

Preborenie \u013eadu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vstupova\u0165 na vo\u013en\u00fa \u013eadov\u00fa plochu je v\u017edy nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00a0obdob\u00ed odm\u00e4ku. Hroz\u00ed, \u017ee sa prebor\u00ed a\u00a0\u010dloveka m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad vodn\u00fd pr\u00fad vtiahnu\u0165 pod \u013ead. Ak\u00a0sa nedostane v\u010das von, n\u00e1sledkom podchladenia sa mu m\u00f4\u017ee ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo zastavi\u0165 krvn\u00fd obeh a\u00a0utop\u00ed sa. Pri z\u00e1chrane neriskujte. Myslite na vlastn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, aby ste tie\u017e neskon\u010dili pod \u013eadom. Okam\u017eite preto volajte \u010d\u00edslo 112 alebo 150.<\/p>\n

Ak ned\u00fdcha<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pri dospelom najprv volajte pomoc na \u010d\u00edslo 155 alebo 112, pri de\u0165och najprv konajte. Myslite na spriechodnenie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest \u2013 hlavu mierne zaklo\u0148te alebo predsu\u0148te s\u00e1nku. Za\u010dnite s\u00a0o\u017eivovan\u00edm. Rozopnite vetrovku, n\u00e1jdite stred hrudn\u00edka a\u00a0za\u010dnite so stl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm, do h\u013abky viac ako 5 cm, nie viac ako 6 cm (cca 1\/3 hrudn\u00edka). Po 30 stla\u010deniach dvakr\u00e1t vd\u00fdchnite vzduch do jeho \u00fast. Opakujte dovtedy, k\u00fdm nepr\u00edde pomoc alebo \u010dlovek neza\u010dne d\u00fdcha\u0165. Ak zranen\u00e9ho nepozn\u00e1te, nemus\u00edte d\u00fdcha\u0165 z\u00a0\u00fast do \u00fast, sta\u010d\u00ed stl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 hrudn\u00edk. Pri de\u0165och je postup rovnak\u00fd, akur\u00e1t za\u010d\u00edname s\u00a0piatimi \u00favodn\u00fdmi vdychmi.<\/p>\n

\u00darazy<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkom po\u0161myknutia sa na z\u013eadovatenom chodn\u00edku \u010dasto b\u00fdvaj\u00fa zlomeniny horn\u00fdch a\u00a0doln\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn, podvrtnut\u00e9 \u010dlenky, ale aj \u00farazy hlavy. Ak ide o\u00a0star\u0161ieho, alebo chronicky chor\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, m\u00f4\u017ee to ma\u0165 a\u017e fat\u00e1lne n\u00e1sledky. Plat\u00ed preto prevencia – vhodn\u00e1 pevn\u00e1 obuv, pokr\u00fdvka hlavy a\u00a0hrub\u00e1 vetrovka, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee stlmi\u0165 n\u00e1raz. V\u017edy sa sna\u017ete pada\u0165 na zadok alebo na chrb\u00e1t. Hlavu si chr\u00e1\u0148te.<\/p>\n

Podvrtnut\u00fd \u010dlenok <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je zranen\u00e9ho \u010dlenok znehybni\u0165, ide\u00e1lne ho pevne obviaza\u0165 \u0161atkou alebo kusom l\u00e1tky. D\u00f4vodom je zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 ak\u00e9muko\u013evek nam\u00e1haniu \u010dlenku, aby sa predi\u0161lo opuchu \u010di zhor\u0161eniu zranenia. Ak noha op\u00facha alebo sa \u0148u neviete od bolesti postavi\u0165, treba vyh\u013eada\u0165 lek\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Krv\u00e1canie z nosa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010ci u\u017e ho sp\u00f4sob\u00ed riedky vzduch alebo \u00faraz, zastavi\u0165 ho vieme stla\u010den\u00edm m\u00e4kkej \u010dasti nosov\u00fdch kr\u00eddiel. Dr\u017e\u00edme ich pribli\u017ene 10 min\u00fat, n\u00e1sledne tlak uvo\u013en\u00edme. D\u00fdchame \u00fastami a\u00a0ke\u010f je to potrebn\u00e9, stla\u010denie zopakujeme. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade mas\u00edvneho krv\u00e1cania, ktor\u00e9 sa n\u00e1m nedar\u00ed zastavi\u0165 ani po 15 min\u00fatach, zavolajte na ties\u0148ov\u00fa linku, kde V\u00e1m poradia alebo po\u0161l\u00fa pomoc.<\/p>\n

\u00daraz hlavy<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00fa ve\u013emi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa ich najm\u00e4 p\u00e1dy. Nejde o\u00a0ni\u010d v\u00e1\u017ene, pokia\u013e sa neobjavia pr\u00edznaky otrasu mozgu \u2013 zvracanie, dvojit\u00e9 videnie, ospalos\u0165. Tieto pr\u00edznaky si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa neodkladn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie odborn\u00edkom.<\/p>\n

Zlomenina<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tento typ \u00farazu zvy\u010dajne sprev\u00e1dza intenz\u00edvna boles\u0165. S\u00a0kon\u010datinou by sa nemalo h\u00fdba\u0165, \u010do najlep\u0161ie dosiahneme zafixovan\u00edm. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade zlomeniny dolnej kon\u010datiny kusmi l\u00e1tky privia\u017eeme zdrav\u00fa nohu o\u00a0ranen\u00fa, \u010d\u00edm jej vytvor\u00edme potrebn\u00fa oporu alebo \u0161\u00e1lom o\u00a0ly\u017eiarsku palicu. K\u00a0otvorenej zlomenine pristupujeme ako k\u00a0rane, prekryjeme ju steriln\u00fdm \u0161tvorcom z\u00a0lek\u00e1rni\u010dky tak, aby sme prekryli kos\u0165. Nikdy nenapr\u00e1vajte poranen\u00e9 kon\u010datiny, nevyz\u00favajte ly\u017eiarky, preto\u017ee aj tie dok\u00e1\u017eu fixova\u0165 zlomeniny. Mohli by ste viac ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165, ako pom\u00f4c\u0165. Okam\u017eite vol\u00e1me z\u00e1chranku alebo horsk\u00fa slu\u017ebu.<\/p>\n

Siln\u00e9 krv\u00e1canie<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nech u\u017e ho sp\u00f4sob\u00ed \u010doko\u013evek, najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie je krv\u00e1canie zastavi\u0165, a\u00a0to priamym tlakom na ranu a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne aplikovan\u00edm tlakov\u00e9ho obv\u00e4zu, ktor\u00fd krv\u00e1canie zastav\u00ed. Pokia\u013e by obv\u00e4z krvou presiakol, neodstra\u0148ujeme ho, ale obvia\u017eeme \u010fal\u0161iu vrstvu. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je sledova\u0165 vit\u00e1lne funkcie \u010dloveka a\u00a0da\u0165 \u010dloveka do spr\u00e1vnej polohy \u2013 v\u00a0sede alebo v\u00a0\u013eahu, ke\u010f\u017ee predpoklad\u00e1me stratu krvi.<\/p>\n

Zapam\u00e4tajte si pravidlo P\u00e4\u0165 T:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ticho \u2013 upokojujte zranen\u00e9ho.<\/li>\n
  2. Teplo \u2013 zabr\u00e1\u0148te strate telesn\u00e9ho tepla, dajte pod zranen\u00e9ho aj vlastn\u00e9 oble\u010denie.<\/li>\n
  3. Tekutiny \u2013 ovla\u017ete pery trochou tekutiny.<\/li>\n
  4. T\u00ed\u0161enie bolesti \u2013 aj znehybnenie je t\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm bolesti, zranen\u00e9ho zbyto\u010dne neot\u00e1\u010dajte a\u00a0nevyzliekajte.<\/li>\n
  5. Transport \u2013 zavolajte z\u00e1chrann\u00fa slu\u017ebu, nesna\u017ete sa zranen\u00e9ho sami transportova\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    You can find more information about the competition at HERE<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Source:<\/strong> Ing. Peter Lakom\u00fd<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ruku na srdce. Kto z\u00a0n\u00e1s pozn\u00e1 z\u00e1klady prvej pomoci? Na z\u00e1chranu \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota potrebujeme iba dve veci – ruky a hlavu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3532,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[32,63,64,34],"class_list":["post-3531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prva-pomoc","tag-ap-rescue","tag-manual","tag-manual-prvej-pomoci","tag-prva-pomoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3531"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3545,"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3531\/revisions\/3545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aprescue.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}